Linux boots

Linux boots


init also controls how the system shuts down and reboots. The proper way to
shut down a Linux machine is to use the shutdown command.


There are two basic ways to use shutdown. If you halt the system, it shuts the
machine down and keeps it down. To make the machine halt immediately, use this command:

shutdown -h now

On most modern machines with reasonably recent versions of Linux, a halt cuts
the power to the machine. You can also reboot the machine. For a reboot, use -r instead of -h.

The shutdown process takes several seconds. You should never reset or power off a machine during this stage.

In the preceding example, now is the time to shut down. This argument is mandatory,
but there are many ways of specifying it. If you want the machine to go down
sometime in the future, one way is to use +n, where n is the number of minutes
shutdown should wait before doing its work. For other options, look at the shutdown(8) manual page.

To make the system reboot in 10 minutes, run this command:





On Linux, shutdown notifies anyone logged on that the machine is going down,
but it does little real work. If you specify a time other than now,
shutdown creates a file called /etc/nologin. When th

s file is present, the system prohibits logins by anyone except the superuser.